Mathematics is one of humanity’s oldest and most essential sciences—born from the need to count, measure, and understand the world. Its roots trace back over 4,000 years to ancient civilizations like the Babylonians and Egyptians, who used math for trade, astronomy, and architecture. The Greeks later transformed mathematics into a formal discipline with pioneers like Euclid, Pythagoras, and Archimedes, laying the foundations of geometry and logical reasoning. In India, scholars like Aryabhata and Brahmagupta made groundbreaking contributions, including the concept of zero and advanced number systems—ideas that later spread through the Islamic Golden Age, where mathematicians like Al-Khwarizmi (from whom we get the word "algorithm") expanded algebra and arithmetic. During the Renaissance, Europe witnessed a mathematical revival, leading to the development of calculus by Newton and Leibniz—revolutionizing science, engineering, and beyond. Since then, mathematics has continued to evolve, powering modern technology, economics, data science, and artificial intelligence. From ancient symbols to space-age algorithms, math has always been more than numbers—it's the universal language that explains our world and shapes our future.